Unit 3.3 - Review: Introduction and Conclusions (CARS model)

Objectives: Students will be able to …

• List the important parts in instruction and conclusion
• Understand the similarity and distinguish the difference between introductions and conclusions of essays and research papers
• Describe the three moves in CARS Model and the different details of each move between secondary and primary research paper
• Recognize each move of CARS Model in an introduction and each move in a conclusion in a secondary research paper.
• Analyze the structure of both introduction and conclusion in a secondary research paper.
• Synthesize what they have learned from class and what they have found in other writings to create an idea of writing a good introduction and conclusion.

Survey Link

Part 1 : Warm-up -  review and Introducing the lesson topic

• According to what you have learned so far about essay writing, imagine a simple shape for an essay. The shape should be the one that you think perfectly matches an essay structure.
• What should be in an introduction?

Part 2: Introduction Writing lectures (powerpoint)

• Understand the similarities and differences between writing an introduction in essay and research paper (Slide 4). For example they all need background information and thesis statement, and the focus moves from broad to narrow. But in a research paper introduction you can write more than one paragraph, etc.
• Understand the three moves in CARS Model (Slide 5). All the details in each move and the differences between secondary and primary research papers are explained through Slide 6-11. But this lesson in unit 3 will only focus on how to write an introduction in a secondary research paper.
• Read the sample of each CARS Model move by using the Student Sample Essay document.

Part  3 : Individual Practice

• Individual work: analyze the introduction from one of your sources (it has to be a secondary research paper) by filling out Part I in Worksheet 1, including finding similarities and differences of writing an introduction in your article and what you have learned so far, and learning useful language from your chosen article.

Part 4 - Lecture 2: Conclusion Writing

• Use Slide 13 to have a class discussion reviewing what you have learned about conclusion in Unit 1. Later you will find the conclusion in a research paper and an essay is very similar, but in a research paper, you can have more than one paragraph.
• Have another class brainstorm about what should not be included in a conclusion, and all the answers will be found on Slide 14.
• Read the sample conclusion from the same students sample essay as a good example

Part 5 - Practice 2: Conclusion

• Individual work: follow the same steps as in Part I in Worksheet 1, finish Part II for conclusion, including finding out similarities and differences.
• Group work: after finishing your individual part, talk about your findings with group members and come up with an idea of writing an Introduction and share it on this Google Doc.

Further reading: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/994/03/